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Vulnerabilities and academic outcomes among students in Puerto Rico.

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Exposure to violence and mental health issues are linked to higher dropout intentions among students in Puerto Rico. Interventions should address these factors to improve academic outcomes for vulnerable youth.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Educational Psychology
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Violence and health inequalities significantly affect student academic performance, particularly for minority groups.
  • Understanding the interplay between violence exposure, mental health, and academic outcomes is crucial for vulnerable populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between exposure to violence, mental health status (anxiety, depression, trauma), grade retention, and dropout intentions among students in Puerto Rico.
  • To identify key factors influencing adverse academic outcomes in a student population facing health inequalities.

Main Methods:

  • Survey data collected from 566 fifth- to twelfth-grade students in Puerto Rico.
  • Statistical analysis using a two-way ANOVA to compare groups based on grade retention and dropout intentions.
  • Assessment of exposure to violence and mental health indicators.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in violence exposure or mental health were found between students with and without a history of grade retention.
  • Students reporting intentions to drop out exhibited significantly higher levels of violence exposure and mental health issues.
  • Mental health challenges and violence exposure are critical indicators for academic risk.

Conclusions:

  • While grade retention history did not correlate with violence or mental health, dropout intentions are strongly associated with these adverse factors.
  • Interventions aimed at preventing poor academic outcomes must incorporate assessments of mental health and exposure to violence.
  • Addressing mental health and contextual violence indicators is vital for supporting vulnerable students in Puerto Rico.