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Related Concept Videos

Standard Precaution01:26

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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2025

A Component-resolved Diagnostic Approach for a Study on Grass Pollen Allergens in Chinese Southerners with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma
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S3 guideline Allergy Prevention.

Matthias V Kopp1, Cathleen Muche-Borowski2, Michael Abou-Dakn3

  • 1Airway Research Center North, University of Lübeck, Member of Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, Universitätsklinik für Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Bern, Schweiz.

Allergologie Select
|March 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Updated allergy prevention guidelines emphasize exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months and introduce thoroughly heated eggs and cautiously introduce peanuts for infants at risk of allergies. Avoid cow's milk formula in the first days if breastfeeding is desired.

Keywords:
S3 guidelineallergyevidenceprimary preventionrevision

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Allergy Prevention
  • Public Health Guidelines
  • Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • Persistent high prevalence of allergic diseases in Western nations necessitates evidence-based primary prevention strategies.
  • Limited causal therapies underscore the importance of preventative measures.
  • Previous S3 guideline (2014) required updating based on current evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To revise and update evidence-based recommendations for the primary prevention of allergic diseases, including asthma and atopic dermatitis.
  • To incorporate the latest scientific findings from a systematic literature search (2013-2020).
  • To provide consensus-based guidance for healthcare professionals and organizations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search conducted in Cochrane and MEDLINE (06/2013 - 11/2020).
  • Screening of 5,681 identified studies, with 286 included and assessed for relevance and quality.
  • Revised recommendations developed through a nominal group process involving professional societies and patient organizations.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed importance of exclusive breastfeeding (4-6 months) and continued breastfeeding with complementary foods.
  • New recommendation to avoid cow's milk-based formula in the first days if breastfeeding is desired; evidence for hydrolyzed formula in high-risk infants is insufficient.
  • Recommendations for early introduction of thoroughly heated egg and cautious introduction of peanut for infants with atopic dermatitis; insufficient evidence for prebiotics, probiotics, or vitamin D supplementation.
  • Growing up on a farm is associated with reduced allergy risk due to microbial biodiversity.
  • Differentiated advice on pet keeping and dust mite allergen avoidance.
  • Caesarean birth slightly increases asthma risk; avoidance of tobacco smoke and air pollutants (nitrogen oxides, ozone, PM2.5) is crucial.
  • Vaccinations do not increase allergy risk and may reduce it; recommended for all children.

Conclusions:

  • The updated guideline provides evidence-based and current recommendations for preventing allergic diseases.
  • The consensus is built upon an extensive evidence base, ensuring reliable guidance.
  • Addresses key areas including maternal and infant nutrition, environmental factors, and vaccinations.