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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running

Published on: July 17, 2020

Does restricting arm motion compromise short sprint running performance?

Lance C Brooks¹, Peter G Weyand², Kenneth P Clark³

¹Department of Kinesiology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA, USA; Department of Applied Physiology & Wellness, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA.

|March 11, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Restricting arm motion during sprinting slightly decreased performance, by less than 0.10 seconds. Compensatory upper body movements helped offset the impact of reduced arm swing in runners.

Keywords:

Acceleration Bipedalism Gait Locomotion Running speed

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics of human locomotion
Sports science and performance analysis

Background:

Human running involves synchronized arm and leg movements.
The functional role of arm motion in running performance is not fully understood.
Arm-leg coupling may reduce vertical axis rotation, potentially optimizing ground force application.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether restricting arm motion compromises performance in short sprints.
To quantify the impact of self-imposed arm restriction on sprint times.

Main Methods:

Seventeen track and field (TF) and team sport (TS) athletes performed 30m sprints under normal and restricted arm motion conditions.
Arm motion was restricted by crossing arms over the chest.
Sprint performance was measured using radar, and times were compared using Repeated Measures ANOVA.

Main Results:

Sprint times were faster with normal arm motion compared to restricted motion (4.82s vs. 4.90s overall).
The difference in performance was marginal, approximately 1.6% overall and less than 0.10 seconds.
Both TF and TS subgroups showed statistically significant, yet small, performance decrements with restricted arm motion.

Conclusions:

Restricting arm motion marginally compromises short sprint running performance.
Compensatory upper body motions can mitigate the effects of reduced arm swing by managing lower body angular momentum.