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Global seasonal Sentinel-1 interferometric coherence and backscatter data set.

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This study presents the first global spatial dataset of C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) coherence and backscatter signatures across all seasons. This valuable remote sensing data aids in understanding decorrelation effects for surface displacement mapping.

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Area of Science:

  • Geosciences
  • Remote Sensing
  • Earth Observation

Background:

  • Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry is crucial for measuring surface deformation.
  • Understanding coherence and backscatter is key to interpreting SAR interferometric data quality.
  • Global, multi-seasonal datasets are needed to characterize surface dynamics and decorrelation processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a novel, first-of-its-kind global spatial dataset of C-band SAR interferometric repeat-pass coherence and backscatter signatures.
  • To provide detailed information on seasonal variations and decorrelation effects impacting SAR interferometry.
  • To support a variety of mapping applications requiring precise surface displacement measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Processing of approximately 205,000 Sentinel-1 C-band SAR images acquired between December 2019 and November 2020.
  • Multi-temporal repeat-pass interferometric processing in Interferometric Wide-Swath Mode.
  • Calculation of median coherence (6-48 day intervals) and mean backscatter (VV, VH, HH, HV polarizations) with three arcsecond pixel spacing for seasonal metrics.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive global dataset covering land masses and ice sheets from 82°N to 79°S.
  • Seasonal metrics include repeat-pass coherence, terrain-corrected backscatter, and parameters of an exponential coherence decay model.
  • The dataset captures spatial and temporal information on decorrelation affecting interferometric measurements.

Conclusions:

  • This dataset offers unprecedented global, spatially detailed insights into SAR interferometric coherence and backscatter.
  • It is essential for assessing the impact of decorrelation on surface displacement measurements.
  • The rich information content supports diverse mapping and Earth observation applications.