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Boosting visual perceptual learning by transcranial alternating current stimulation over the visual cortex at alpha

Qing He1, Xin-Yue Yang1, Baoqi Gong1

  • 1School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Machine Perception, Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.

Brain Stimulation
|March 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 10 Hz in the occipital region significantly enhances visual perceptual learning (VPL). This frequency and location-specific effect on VPL was sustained long-term, highlighting alpha oscillations

Keywords:
Alpha oscillationsNeural oscillationsNon-invasive brain stimulationOrientationPerceptual learningTranscranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)Visual plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is used to modulate brain rhythms and cognitive functions, including vision.
  • Visual perceptual learning (VPL) improves visual functions through training.
  • The impact of tACS on VPL remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how tACS modulates VPL.
  • To explore the role of neural oscillations in VPL.

Main Methods:

  • A between-subjects design involved six groups performing an orientation discrimination task over five daily sessions.
  • Five groups received occipital tACS at 6, 10, 20, 40, and sham 10 Hz.
  • One group received 10 Hz tACS stimulation over sensorimotor regions.

Main Results:

  • Occipital 10 Hz tACS, unlike other frequencies, accelerated VPL and improved performance compared to sham stimulation.
  • These benefits were not observed when 10 Hz tACS was applied to sensorimotor areas.
  • The performance enhancement persisted for at least two months post-training.

Conclusions:

  • tACS facilitates orientation discrimination learning in a frequency- and location-specific manner.
  • Alpha oscillations play a crucial role in enhancing VPL.
  • Findings inform neuromodulation protocols for neuro-ophthalmological rehabilitation.