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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Structural connectivity in ventral language pathways characterizes non-verbal autism.

Guillem Olivé1,2, Dominika Slušná3, Lucía Vaquero4

  • 1Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08097, Barcelona, Spain.

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|March 14, 2022
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Summary

This study investigated white matter tracts in non-verbal autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Findings suggest disruptions in the ventral language pathway, impacting language connectivity in individuals with ASD.

Keywords:
AutismDWILanguageMRINon-verbalTractography

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents a wide range of language abilities, with a significant minority being non-verbal.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies are limited in non-verbal ASD due to practical scanning challenges.
  • Understanding language network integrity is crucial for addressing communication deficits in ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the integrity of core white matter tracts in the language network of non-verbal ASD (nvASD).
  • To compare white matter tract integrity across nvASD, verbal ASD (vASD), and typical development (TD) groups.
  • To explore potential disruptions in language pathways associated with severe language impairments in ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Manual deterministic tractography was used to analyze key white matter tracts: arcuate fasciculus (AF), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), uncinate fasciculus (UF), and frontal aslant tract (FAT).
  • A case series of nine nvASD individuals was compared to matched vASD and TD participants.
  • Statistical analysis involved Bonferroni-corrected repeated measure ANOVAs examining tract integrity across hemispheres and groups.

Main Results:

  • A significant reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the IFOF was observed in the nvASD group compared to the TD group.
  • Lower radial diffusivity (RD) values in the long segment of the AF were found in the nvASD group relative to the vASD group.
  • The vASD group showed reduced left hemisphere UF volume compared to the right hemisphere, but this was not observed in nvASD.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest a disruption of the ventral language pathway in non-verbal ASD, rather than the dorsal route.
  • These white matter differences align with observed semantic deficits in individuals with nvASD.
  • This study provides novel insights into the neuroanatomical underpinnings of severe language impairments in autism spectrum disorder.