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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

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Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
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Lymphocyte Isolation from Human Skin for Phenotypic Analysis and Ex Vivo Cell Culture
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The Immunogenetics of Psoriasis.

Emanuele Trovato1, Pietro Rubegni1, Elisa Cinotti2

  • 1Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Science, Dermatology Section, University of Siena, S. Maria Alle Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|March 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic immune condition influenced by genetics. Specific gene variations impact immune responses, increasing susceptibility and offering potential targets for personalized medicine.

Keywords:
GWASGeneImmune responseImmunogeneticsPsoriasisSusceptibility

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Area of Science:

  • Immunodermatology
  • Genetics of immune-mediated diseases

Background:

  • Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic, immune-mediated skin condition.
  • Genetic factors and environmental triggers interact to cause psoriasis.
  • Inflammatory mediators play a key role in the disease's development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the genetic associations in psoriasis vulgaris.
  • To identify genes involved in the immune pathways implicated in psoriasis.
  • To understand how genetic variations contribute to disease susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genes involved in innate immunity (e.g., IFIH1, CARD14).
  • Examination of genes related to antigen presentation (e.g., HLA-Cw6).
  • Investigation of genes controlling T-cell function and cytokine signaling (e.g., STAT3, IL23R).

Main Results:

  • Specific gene alleles influence susceptibility to psoriasis.
  • Risk alleles lower the innate immune response threshold, triggering adaptive immunity.
  • Identified genes cover a spectrum of immune functions, including innate immunity, antigen presentation, T-cell regulation, and cytokine signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic investigations in psoriasis can reveal novel therapeutic targets.
  • Understanding genetic associations advances personalized medicine approaches for psoriasis.
  • These studies enhance our knowledge of human skin biology and immune regulation.