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The Function, Structure, and Origins of the ER Membrane Protein Complex
1Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
Annual Review of Biochemistry
|March 15, 2022
Summary
The endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) is crucial for membrane protein biogenesis. This large complex aids in inserting transmembrane domains and protein folding within the ER.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is essential for eukaryotic membrane protein synthesis.
- The ER membrane protein complex (EMC) is an abundant factor involved in membrane protein biogenesis.
- EMC is a nine-protein complex with a core formed by EMC3 and EMC6.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of the ER membrane protein complex (EMC) in membrane protein biogenesis.
- To understand the mechanisms of transmembrane domain (TMD) insertion by EMC.
- To identify the range of EMC's membrane protein substrates.
Main Methods:
- Genetic studies
- Biochemical studies
- Proteomics
- Structural analysis
Main Results:
- EMC plays a key role in inserting transmembrane domains (TMDs).
- EMC is involved in later stages of membrane protein folding and assembly.
- Recent structural and biochemical data provide insights into EMC's function.
Conclusions:
- The EMC complex is vital for proper membrane protein biogenesis in the ER.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate EMC's mechanisms and substrate range.
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