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Bacterial nanocellulose enables auxetic supporting implants.

Rubina Ajdary1, Roozbeh Abidnejad2, Janika Lehtonen2

  • 1Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland; Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.

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Summary

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) shows promise for tissue engineering due to its purity and mechanical strength. This biomaterial can form stable, auxetic 3D structures for implantable meshes with tunable properties and good biocompatibility.

Keywords:
3D printingAuxeticBacteria nanocelluloseMolding

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) possesses high purity and mechanical strength, making it suitable for tissue engineering.
  • Its structure mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) and maintains integrity in wet conditions, allowing for suturing and sterilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the fabrication of complex 3D bacterial nanocellulose structures for tissue engineering applications.
  • To evaluate the mechanical properties, shape stability, and biocompatibility of BNC-based implantable meshes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the aerobic biogenesis of BNC at the air/culture medium interface to create 3D biofilms on solid supports.
  • Guiding BNC biofilm formation into auxetic structures with controlled pore size and infill density.
  • Assessing mechanical strength, shape retention under cyclic loading, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory response of BNC meshes.

Main Results:

  • BNC can be shaped into implantable meshes with adjustable mechanical strength (48-456 MPa tensile strength).
  • The BNC meshes exhibit excellent shape stability, retaining over 87% of their shape after 100 loading/unloading cycles.
  • BNC demonstrated low cytotoxicity and did not induce significant pro-inflammatory activation in monocytes/macrophages.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial nanocellulose is a versatile biomaterial for creating 3D implantable meshes with tunable mechanical properties.
  • BNC-based meshes offer excellent shape stability and biocompatibility, indicating their potential for long-term supportive implant applications with minimal fatigue.