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Environmental Sampling of Photosynthetic Microbes and Their Viruses: From Field to Lab
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Benthic cyanobacteria: A utility-centred field study.

Virginie Gaget1, Husein Almuhtaram2, Faith Kibuye3

  • 1University of Adelaide, Water Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, South Australia, 5005, Australia.

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|March 15, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Benthic cyanobacteria in water mats are a major source of toxins and taste/odor compounds. Monitoring these mats is crucial for water utilities to manage risks, especially in warmer climates.

Keywords:
ActinobacteriaBenthic CyanobacteriaCyanotoxinsMonitoringTaste and Odour CompoundsqPCR Assays

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Water Quality Management
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Benthic cyanobacteria produce toxins and taste/odor (T&O) compounds globally.
  • Water utilities rarely monitor benthic cyanobacteria despite their risks.
  • Lack of guidance exists for monitoring and mitigating benthic cyanobacteria risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Assess toxin and T&O risk from benthic cyanobacteria across climates and matrices.
  • Provide guidance for water utilities on monitoring benthic mats.
  • Investigate the occurrence of specific secondary metabolites and their genes.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted field surveys across three continents and climates (temperate, sub-tropical, tropical).
  • Analyzed benthic samples for six metabolites (geosmin, MIB, anatoxin-a, saxitoxin, microcystin, cylindrospermopsin) and associated genes.
  • Used ELISAs, qPCR, and a novel qPCR assay for MIB differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Benthic cyanobacteria were major producers of T&O compounds.
  • Floating mats showed higher geosmin and saxitoxin concentrations.
  • Warmer climates had higher saxitoxin and cylindrospermopsin occurrence.

Conclusions:

  • Benthic mats significantly contribute secondary metabolites to source water and require monitoring.
  • Benthic cyanobacteria were sole T&O producers in 17% of samples.
  • Findings support establishing monitoring practices for benthic cyanobacteria and their metabolites.