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In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
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Embedded Computational Heart Model for External Ventricular Assist Device Investigations.

Thomas Kummer1, Simone Rossi2, Stijn Vandenberghe3,4

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. kummer@ifd.mavt.ethz.ch.

Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology
|March 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a computational model for heart mechanics, enabling realistic simulations of healthy and failing hearts. The model successfully predicts cardiac function and demonstrates how external assist devices can restore blood flow in pathological conditions.

Keywords:
Active strain actuationDirect cardiac contractorExternal ventricular assist deviceHydraulic network modelLumped parameter circulationMedical device developmentThree dimensional heart modeling

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Area of Science:

  • Computational modeling
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Cardiovascular research

Background:

  • External cardiac assist devices offer a promising approach to heart failure treatment.
  • Designing these devices is complex, necessitating advanced computational tools.
  • A structured approach combining experiments and computer-based optimization is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a computational modeling framework for simulating heart tissue structure, electrophysiology, and actuation.
  • To enable the study of healthy and pathological hearts, including the effects of external assist devices.
  • To provide a tool for computer-based optimization in the design of cardiac assist devices.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a computational framework incorporating nonlinear anisotropic material laws for passive tissue and an orthotropic active-strain model for muscle contraction.
  • Initiated muscle contraction via a periodically propagating electrical potential.
  • Coupled the heart model with a circulation network and incorporated boundary conditions for external assist devices at the epicardium.

Main Results:

  • Simulated results accurately reproduced deformations in healthy and pathological heart models compared to measurements.
  • Cardiac output and ventricular pressure signals showed good agreement with expected values.
  • Demonstrated that external actuation, such as cardiac patches, can restore healthy blood flow in a pathological model.

Conclusions:

  • The computational framework accurately predicts characteristic heart dynamics, including apex shortening, wall thickening, and twisting.
  • The model is effective for studying pathological hearts and the impact of external activation.
  • This framework supports the design and optimization of external cardiac assist devices for heart failure treatment.