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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

258
Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
258
Psychological Responses to Stress01:20

Psychological Responses to Stress

136
Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
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Types of Stressors01:23

Types of Stressors

358
A stressor is any event, condition, or stimulus that triggers stress and causes a physical or psychological response in the body. Stressors can be categorized into three main types: catastrophes; significant life changes; and daily hassles, including social stress. Each can be detrimental to physical and mental well-being.
Catastrophes
Catastrophes refer to large-scale, unpredictable events that create overwhelming stress and a sense of threat. Examples include natural disasters like...
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True Stress and True Strain01:28

True Stress and True Strain

444
Engineering stress is calculated as the load divided by the original, undeformed cross-sectional area. It approximates a material under load. This approximation is especially relevant post-yield in ductile materials. Though engineering stress-strain diagrams are often used for their convenience and accessibility, they can sometimes fall short in accuracy, particularly when dealing with large strain values.
In contrast, true stress offers a more precise portrayal. It is computed by dividing the...
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Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

188
Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
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Problem Solving on Stress and Strain01:22

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Stress is a quantity that describes the magnitude of a force that causes deformation, generally defined as internal force per unit area. When forces pull on an object and cause its elongation, like the stretching of an elastic band, it is called tensile stress. When forces cause the compression of an object, it is known as compressive stress. When an object is being squeezed uniformly from all sides, like a submarine in the depths of the ocean, we call this kind of stress bulk stress (or volume...
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Restraint to Induce Stress in Mice and Rats
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Stress and Its Consequences-Biological Strain.

David K Stevenson1, Ian H Gotlib2, Jessica L Buthmann2

  • 1Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.

American Journal of Perinatology
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Maternal stress during pregnancy is linked to preterm birth. Integrating social and biological stress factors offers the best approach to predict and prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive health
  • Maternal-fetal medicine
  • Social determinants of health

Background:

  • Maternal stress is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth.
  • Both physical and psychological stressors induce biological strain.
  • Chronic stressors like poverty and racism can lead to persistent biological strain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of stress in pregnancy and its association with preterm birth.
  • To highlight the importance of an integrative approach considering social and biological stress determinants.
  • To identify optimal computational strategies for predicting preterm birth risk.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on maternal stress and pregnancy outcomes.
  • Conceptual framework integrating social and biological factors of stress.
  • Discussion of computational and machine-learning approaches.

Main Results:

  • Chronic stressors can establish a trajectory of biological strain.
  • An integrative approach is crucial for understanding preterm birth risk.
  • Machine-learning models combining stressor and biological strain data show promise.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between social stressors and biological strain is key to addressing preterm birth.
  • Future research should focus on integrative computational models.
  • Interventions addressing societal factors may be necessary to alleviate chronic stress burdens.