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A multidimensional coding architecture of the vagal interoceptive system.

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Vagal sensory neurons (VSNs) use a multidimensional coding strategy to transmit internal body information. This system precisely maps visceral organ, tissue layer, and stimulus type for effective brain communication.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genomics
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Interoception, sensing internal body changes, is vital for survival.
  • Vagal sensory neurons (VSNs) connect organs to the brain but their coding strategy is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the coding strategy of Vagal sensory neurons (VSNs) for interoceptive signals.
  • To understand how VSNs convey information about organ, tissue layer, and stimulus type.

Main Methods:

  • Large-scale single-cell profiling of VSNs from seven mouse organs using multiplexed projection barcodes.
  • Calcium-imaging-guided spatial transcriptomics to map VSN functional organization.

Main Results:

  • VSNs utilize three independent coding dimensions: visceral organ, tissue layer, and stimulus modality.
  • Gene modules differentiate organs along the rostral-caudal axis and VSN locations along the surface-lumen axis.
  • VSNs form functional units sensing similar stimuli across different organs and layers.

Conclusions:

  • A multidimensional coding architecture underlies the mammalian vagal interoceptive system.
  • This combinatorial coding specifies parallel VSN pathways and brainstem projections.
  • The findings reveal a sophisticated system for internal signal communication.