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Detecting a missing visual feature (absence pop-out) is as fast as finding a present target. This immediate recognition occurs even on the first trial, independent of experience or explicit knowledge about search efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Visual search models propose search termination relies on counterfactual reasoning, ensemble statistics, or heuristic adjustments based on experience.
  • Distinguishing these processes for absence detection is challenging with traditional lab-based experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying absence pop-out in visual search.
  • To determine if task experience or metacognitive knowledge influences efficient absence detection.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted two large-scale online experiments (N1 = 1187; N2 = 887) with preregistered protocols.
  • Measured search termination times and target identification times across trials.

Main Results:

  • Search termination times aligned with target identification times from the very first trials, before target presence experience.
  • Explicit metacognitive knowledge about search efficiency was not required for efficient search termination.

Conclusions:

  • Efficient inference of absence for basic visual properties is independent of task experience.
  • Metacognitive knowledge is not necessary for rapid absence detection in visual search.