Two-dimensional quasi periodic structures for large-scale light out-coupling with amplitude, phase and polarization...

Area of Science:

• Photonics and Atomic Physics
• Integrated Optics
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Chip-scale light-atom interactions are crucial for miniaturizing atomic sensing devices such as clocks and magnetometers.
• Integrating photonic elements onto a single chip reduces size and power consumption.
• Efficient interfacing between 2D photonic circuits and 3D vapor cells is a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce a novel design methodology for large-scale, two-dimensional converter structures.
• To enable efficient out-coupling of radiation from photonic chips into atomic media.
• To achieve precise control over light's spatial distribution, phase, and polarization without external components.

Main Methods:

• Development of a new design method for large-scale 2D converter structures.
• Design of 100 × 100 µm² structures for light-atom interfacing.
• Utilizing simulations to analyze optical beam characteristics and polarization.

Main Results:

• The designed structures facilitate controlled out-coupling of light from photonic chips into atomic vapor.
• Achieved spatial distribution, phase, and polarization control of light without external elements.
• Simulations demonstrated low divergence optical beams with high circular polarization, achieving over 30 dB contrast.

Conclusions:

• The novel design method enables the creation of advanced photonic converters for chip-scale atomic sensing.
• These converters significantly improve light-atom interaction efficiency and control.
• The technology paves the way for more compact, powerful, and versatile atomic sensors.