Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Stokes' Law01:20

Stokes' Law

1.7K
Viscous forces, like friction, are intermolecular forces that resist the relative motion of molecules over each other. When a solid body moves through a liquid, viscous forces drag it in the opposite direction. The force's magnitude depends on the solid's shape and size, as well as its speed and the liquid's coefficient of viscosity, density and temperature.
The expression for the force on a solid spherical object in a fluid is called Stokes' law. Stokes' law is valid only...
1.7K
Divergence and Stokes' Theorems01:06

Divergence and Stokes' Theorems

2.2K
The divergence and Stokes' theorems are a variation of Green's theorem in a higher dimension. They are also a generalization of the fundamental theorem of calculus. The divergence theorem and Stokes' theorem are in a way similar to each other; The divergence theorem relates to the dot product of a vector, while Stokes' theorem relates to the curl of a vector. Many applications in physics and engineering make use of the divergence and Stokes' theorems, enabling us to write...
2.2K
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

3.3K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
3.3K
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

849
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
849
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

720
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
720
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

927
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
927

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Optometrist-guided versus self-driven subjective refraction using tunable optics: quantifying the professional's impact.

Journal of optometry·2026
Same author

Spatial-shifting cepstrum: holography without a known reference beam.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Exploring the do-it-yourself approach in subjective refraction.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Hybrid Iterating-Averaging Low Photon Budget Gabor Holographic Microscopy.

ACS photonics·2025
Same author

Cepstrum-based interferometric microscopy with rolling-shutter cameras.

Optics letters·2025
Same author

Interocular astigmatic symmetry: A systematic review.

Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association·2025
Same journal

Denoising algorithm of Φ-OTDR systems based on adaptive fractional wavelet transform denoising.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Millisecond photon-to-photon latency and high-speed volumetric projection system for optogenetics.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Polarization-encoded coaxial structured light for high-precision 3D surface profilometry.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Discrete freeform optical design based on collaborative optimization of point cloud and local normals.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Ultrafast ghost imaging with 25 GHz speckle switching and wavelength-division multiplexing.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Atomic vapor cells fabricated by femtosecond laser welding of standard-optical-quality glass.

Optics express·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 30, 2025

Simulating the Mechanics of Lens Accommodation via a Manual Lens Stretcher
05:14

Simulating the Mechanics of Lens Accommodation via a Manual Lens Stretcher

Published on: February 23, 2018

6.9K

Astigmatic Stokes lens revisited.

Sara Ferrer-Altabás, Larry Thibos, Vicente Micó

    Optics Express
    |March 18, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a modified Stokes lens, an optical device offering variable and continuous astigmatic power. The enhanced design expands the astigmatic range without compromising dioptric power resolution, benefiting optical instruments and refractive error measurement.

    More Related Videos

    Sequential Application of Glass Coverslips to Assess the Compressive Stiffness of the Mouse Lens: Strain and Morphometric Analyses
    07:56

    Sequential Application of Glass Coverslips to Assess the Compressive Stiffness of the Mouse Lens: Strain and Morphometric Analyses

    Published on: May 3, 2016

    7.4K
    Author Spotlight: Advancing Understanding of Age-Related Lens Stiffness Changes
    05:19

    Author Spotlight: Advancing Understanding of Age-Related Lens Stiffness Changes

    Published on: April 5, 2024

    2.5K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Sep 30, 2025

    Simulating the Mechanics of Lens Accommodation via a Manual Lens Stretcher
    05:14

    Simulating the Mechanics of Lens Accommodation via a Manual Lens Stretcher

    Published on: February 23, 2018

    6.9K
    Sequential Application of Glass Coverslips to Assess the Compressive Stiffness of the Mouse Lens: Strain and Morphometric Analyses
    07:56

    Sequential Application of Glass Coverslips to Assess the Compressive Stiffness of the Mouse Lens: Strain and Morphometric Analyses

    Published on: May 3, 2016

    7.4K
    Author Spotlight: Advancing Understanding of Age-Related Lens Stiffness Changes
    05:19

    Author Spotlight: Advancing Understanding of Age-Related Lens Stiffness Changes

    Published on: April 5, 2024

    2.5K

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Ophthalmology
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Stokes lenses are standard variable astigmatic lenses using two counter-rotating cylindrical lenses.
    • Existing designs have limitations in astigmatic range and dioptric power resolution.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a modified Stokes lens with enhanced capabilities for variable astigmatic power.
    • To improve the astigmatic range and dioptric power step resolution compared to conventional Stokes lenses.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis using power vectors formalism and 3-D dioptric power representation.
    • Assembly of a lab-made prototype of the modified Stokes lens.
    • Experimental validation using an automatic focimeter for dioptric power measurements.

    Main Results:

    • The modified Stokes lens achieves variable and continuous astigmatic power.
    • The device demonstrates an expanded astigmatic range without sacrificing dioptric power step resolution.
    • Theoretical predictions were validated by experimental measurements.

    Conclusions:

    • The modified Stokes lens offers improved performance for astigmatism compensation in optical systems.
    • This device has potential applications in subjective refractive error measurement with enhanced capabilities.