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Post-pleistocene changes in tooth root and jaw relationships.

P Smith, Y Wax, F Adler

    American Journal of Physical Anthropology
    |July 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Human mandible morphology changed over 12,000 years. Tooth crown size decreased significantly, while corpus height reduced more recently, indicating evolving dental structures in Near Eastern populations.

    Area of Science:

    • Paleoanthropology
    • Bioarchaeology
    • Human Evolution

    Background:

    • Skeletal remains offer insights into human adaptation and evolution.
    • Dental morphology is a sensitive indicator of environmental and dietary changes.
    • Understanding long-term trends in human skeletal biology is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze changes in human mandible and tooth dimensions over 12,000 years in the Near East.
    • To identify trends in crown length, root size, and corpus height.
    • To investigate the relationships between dental parameters across different time periods.

    Main Methods:

    • Radiographic analysis of 126 sexed skeletal specimens from Near Eastern sites.
    • Digitized tracings of dental measurements (crown length, root height/width, corpus height).

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  • Statistical analysis using rank transformation, linear regression, and Spearman's rank correlation.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant reduction in tooth crown length from 12,000 to 6,000 years Before Present (BP).
    • No further crown length reduction observed between 6,000 BP and 1,000 BP.
    • Corpus height showed significant reduction over the last 6,000 years, with minimal root size change.
    • Low intrapopulation correlation observed between crown, root, and corpus height changes.

    Conclusions:

    • Human dental morphology in the Near East has undergone significant changes over the Holocene.
    • Distinct temporal patterns exist for reductions in tooth crown and corpus height.
    • These changes suggest complex adaptive responses to environmental or dietary shifts over millennia.