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The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Enhancing ionic conductivity in solid electrolyte by relocating diffusion ions to under-coordination sites.

Lei Zhu1, Youwei Wang2,3, Junchao Chen1,4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources Technology, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai 200245, China.

Science Advances
|March 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel method creates a high-performance solid electrolyte, Li3Zr2Si2PO12, from a NASICON precursor. This material offers enhanced ionic conductivity and stability for advanced solid-state batteries.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Solid electrolytes are crucial for safer, higher-energy-density batteries.
  • Modulating ion coordination in solid electrolytes is key to improving ionic conductivity.
  • Current methods face challenges in optimizing ionic transport pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-performance solid electrolyte using a novel synthesis approach.
  • To investigate the structural and electrochemical properties of the new material.
  • To demonstrate the potential of the new solid electrolyte in solid-state batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Skeleton-retained cationic exchange from Na3Zr2Si2PO12 to Li3Zr2Si2PO12.
  • Characterization of ionic conductivity, activation energy, and structural properties.
  • Fabrication and testing of solid-state batteries using the synthesized electrolyte.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a high ionic conductivity of 3.59 mS cm-1 at room temperature.
  • Observed a low activation energy of 0.21 eV for ion transport.
  • Demonstrated excellent cyclic stability and rate capability in solid-state battery applications.
  • The material exhibits satisfactory air survivability inherited from its precursor.

Conclusions:

  • The skeleton-retained cationic exchange approach is effective for creating advanced solid electrolytes.
  • Li3Zr2Si2PO12 shows significant promise for next-generation solid-state batteries.
  • This work provides a new strategy for tailoring cationic occupancy in solid-state materials.