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Related Concept Videos

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

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Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other...
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¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution00:48

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution

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This lesson illustrates the role of deuterium substitution in simplifying the NMR spectrum of compounds comprising labile protons. One method employed is the use of deuterium. Amongst the three isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (2H) has a nucleus composed of one proton and one neutron. When the D2O solvent is added to a pure dry ethanol solution, its labile proton is substituted with deuterium.
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2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

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Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

327
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

316
Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...
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High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)01:15

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

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The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
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Resonant neutron reflectometry for hydrogen detection.

L Guasco1,2, Yu N Khaydukov1,2, S Pütter3

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany.

Nature Communications
|March 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurately measuring hydrogen in electronic materials is crucial. Resonance-enhanced neutron reflectometry offers a fast, non-destructive method to quantify hydrogen concentration in thin films.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Hydrogen content significantly influences electronic material properties.
  • Accurate quantification of hydrogen in solids is challenging.
  • Developing precise methods for hydrogen detection is vital for advanced materials research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid and accurate method for detecting and quantifying hydrogen in thin-film electronic materials.
  • To establish a quantitative correlation between hydrogen content and physical properties.
  • To enable real-time in-situ monitoring of hydrogen concentration.

Main Methods:

  • Neutron reflectometry experiments were conducted on 50 nm thick niobium films.
  • Hydrogen loading was performed in-situ during the experiments.
  • Analysis focused on the momentum-space position of waveguide resonances.

Main Results:

  • A prominent waveguide resonance was identified and tracked.
  • The position of this resonance directly correlates with absolute hydrogen content.
  • Measurements achieved an accuracy of approximately one atomic percent within a minute.

Conclusions:

  • Resonance-enhanced neutron reflectometry provides a fast, direct, and non-destructive technique for hydrogen quantification in thin films.
  • This method offers high sensitivity suitable for real-time in-situ studies.
  • The technique advances the understanding and control of hydrogen in electronic materials.