RIPK4 Is an Immune Regulating-Associated Biomarker for Ovarian Cancer and Possesses Generalization Value in Pan-Cancer
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Cui Liao1, Yi-Xia Zhao1, Wei-di Han2
1Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400030, China.
Abstract:
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. Many studies have reported that RIPK4 (receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 4) displayed a dysregulated level in many types of tumors. However, its expressions and functions in OC were rarely reported. The levels of RIPK4 were detected in OC and nontumor specimens using TCGA and GEO datasets. The prognostic values of RIPK4 in patients were determined using Kaplan-Meier methods and Kaplan-Meier assays. GO assays and KEGG pathway assays were carried out for functional enrichments. CIBERSORT was applied for estimating the fractions of immune cell types. Finally, RIPK4 was validated in pan-cancer. In this study, our group found that RIPK4 exhibited a higher level of RIPK4 in OC specimens than nontumor specimens. Survival studies revealed that patients with high RIPK4 expressions showed a shorter overall survival than those with low RIPK4 expression. Multivariate assays further confirmed that RIPK4 expression was an independent prognostic element for OC. KEGG pathway analysis displayed that the dysregulated genes in specimens with high RIPK4 expressions were enriched in focal adhesion, proteoglycans in cancer, central carbon metabolism in cancer, and insulin secretion. Correlation analyses showed that several TICs were positively correlated with RIPK4 expression. The pan-cancer validation results showed that RIPK4 was associated with survival in five tumors. Overall, our findings suggested RIPK4 as a prognostic marker in OC.
Insights
Receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 4 (RIPK4) is elevated in ovarian cancer (OC) and linked to poorer survival. This study identifies RIPK4 as a potential prognostic marker for OC patients.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Ovarian cancer (OC) is a leading cause of gynecologic cancer mortality.
- Receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 4 (RIPK4) expression is altered in various cancers, but its role in OC is understudied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the expression, prognostic value, and potential functions of RIPK4 in ovarian cancer.
- To evaluate RIPK4 as a biomarker for OC patient outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of RIPK4 expression in OC and normal tissues using TCGA and GEO datasets.
- Prognostic value assessment via Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analyses.
- Functional enrichment analysis (GO, KEGG) and immune cell infiltration estimation (CIBERSORT).
- Pan-cancer validation of RIPK4's association with survival.
Main Results:
- RIPK4 expression is significantly higher in OC tissues compared to non-tumor tissues.
- High RIPK4 expression correlates with shorter overall survival in OC patients.
- RIPK4 is an independent prognostic factor for OC.
- Enriched pathways in high RIPK4 tumors include focal adhesion and cancer-related metabolism.
- RIPK4 expression is positively correlated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs).
Conclusions:
- RIPK4 serves as a potential prognostic biomarker for ovarian cancer.
- RIPK4 dysregulation may influence OC progression and immune microenvironment.
- Further research into RIPK4's functional mechanisms in OC is warranted.
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