Achalasia with esophageal intramural hematoma treated by per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM)

Esophageal intramural hematoma (EIH) is a condition which occurs as a result of hemorrhage within the esophageal wall including the submucosal layer. However, reports of EIH on achalasia patients are quite limited and per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for achalasia with EIH has not been reported. This is the first case report that demonstrated a successful treatment of achalasia with EIH by POEM. In achalasia, since there is absence of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, as barotraumatic pathogenesis, an increase in the intraesophageal pressure may cause EIH. As direct traumatic pathogenesis, the stasis of food may directly injure the esophageal wall resulting in EIH. After confirming the hematoma healed until it became an ulcer, POEM was performed on the posterior axis since the intramural hematoma was located anteriorly. The procedure was completed successfully without any occurrence of adverse events. On 2-months follow-up, improvement in dysphagia was noted, and complete epithelialization of the intramural hematoma region was seen on endoscopic examination. On 1-year follow-up, patient did not have recurrence of dysphagia and intramural hematoma. In summary, we reported a case of achalasia with EIH, which was treated by POEM. POEM procedure may be effective not only for the improvement of dysphagia but also for a better ulcer healing and prevention of intramural hematoma recurrence.