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Spatiotemporal variability in Swedish lake ecosystems.

Tarsha Eason1,2, Ahjond Garmestani2,3,4,5, David G Angeler2,6,7,8

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Fisher Information (FI) effectively detects ecosystem changes and spatial patterns in Swedish lakes, aiding in monitoring environmental shifts and managing social-ecological systems (SES). This resilience-based approach offers early warnings of critical transitions.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Data Analysis

Background:

  • Ecosystem dynamics are crucial for managing human-nature systems.
  • Increased data availability necessitates advanced analytical methods.
  • Resilience-based approaches, like Fisher Information (FI), can detect environmental change and predict critical transitions in social-ecological systems (SES).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate Fisher Information (FI) as a tool for spatiotemporal analysis in ecosystem monitoring.
  • To assess the biophysical condition of Swedish lakes using FI.
  • To identify latent characteristics and spatial patterns related to temporal and spatial changes.

Main Methods:

  • Employed Fisher Information (FI) for spatiotemporal analysis.
  • Analyzed biophysical data from eighty-five Swedish lakes spanning 1996-2018.
  • Examined data for patterns, regimes, and regime shifts, particularly around the Limes Norrlandicus ecotone.

Main Results:

  • Fisher Information (FI) successfully captured spatiotemporal changes in Swedish lake ecosystems.
  • Distinct spatial patterns were identified above and below the Limes Norrlandicus.
  • Spatial variance was observed to change approaching this significant ecological boundary.

Conclusions:

  • Fisher Information (FI) is a valuable resilience-based method for spatiotemporal and spatial regimes analysis.
  • This approach aids in monitoring and managing critical watersheds and waterbodies facing environmental change.
  • FI demonstrates utility in detecting complex system dynamics and providing early warnings of ecosystem shifts.