Stem from nature: Bioinspired adhesive formulations for wound healing

Over millions of years, nature has created countless unique features frequently used in the manufacture of adhesive formulations for wound healing. The bioinspired adhesives could accommodate dynamic tissue movement with excellent biocompatibility to facilitate external and internal wound healing. In this review, we summarise two types of bioinspired adhesives used for wound healing, including chemical-rationale bioinspired adhesives, such as mussel-inspired injectable hydrogel and physical-rationale bioinspired adhesives, such as octopus-inspired adhesive patches. Herein, we mainly focus on fundamental design, multi-faceted bionic strategies and potential clinical utility in surgical wound closure, haemostasis and tissue regeneration. We discuss the feasibility of incorporating nature-inspired properties into formulation design to offer a new reference for the application of bioinspired wound dressings.