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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Trends in selected fields of reference material production.

Sebastian Recknagel1, Harald Bresch2, Heinrich Kipphardt2

  • 1Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany. Sebastian.recknagel@bam.de.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

BAM

Keywords:
FluorescenceFoodGas analysisISO REMCONanomaterialsReference material

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Metrology

Background:

  • BAM has over 110 years of experience producing reference materials.
  • Increasing demand for reference materials due to new analytical methods and stricter accreditation requirements.
  • Reference materials are crucial for quality control and metrological traceability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of general developments in reference materials.
  • To highlight advancements in specific application fields where BAM is active.
  • To discuss emerging trends in optical spectroscopy and nanomaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of general developments in reference materials.
  • Analysis of trends in selected application fields.
  • Consideration of advancements in optical spectroscopy and nanomaterials.

Main Results:

  • Overview of reference material developments across various sectors.
  • Identification of increasing demands driven by new technologies and regulations.
  • Exploration of trends in inorganic/metal analysis, gas analysis, food, and geological samples.
  • Focus on advancements in fluorescence spectroscopy and nanomaterials.

Conclusions:

  • The field of reference materials is dynamic and evolving.
  • BAM is actively involved in addressing the growing needs for high-quality reference materials.
  • Future developments will be influenced by analytical innovation and regulatory landscapes.