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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus
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Dentition patterns in bilateral cleft lip subphenotypes: multicenter study.

M J Faaij1, N C W van der Kaaij2, M A Disse3

  • 1Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 309 Dentistry, PO Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. riannefaaij@hotmail.com.

Clinical Oral Investigations
|March 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Detailed classification of incomplete cleft lip subphenotypes in bilateral oral clefts is clinically relevant. More severe cleft lip morphology correlates with more abnormal lateral incisor dentition patterns in patients.

Keywords:
Cleft palateEmbryogenesisEtiologyLateral incisorOdontogenesisRegistry

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial anomalies
  • Oral and maxillofacial surgery
  • Pediatric dentistry

Background:

  • Bilateral oral clefts (OCs) encompass a spectrum of conditions, including cleft lip with or without alveolus (CL ± A) and cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (CLAP).
  • Distinguishing subphenotypes of incomplete cleft lip based on morphological severity is crucial for understanding associated dental anomalies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical relevance of detailed subtyping of incomplete cleft lip morphologies in bilateral OCs.
  • To assess associations between cleft lip (CL) subphenotypes and specific dentition patterns of the lateral incisor.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 151 non-syndromic Caucasian bilateral OC patients (ages 8-20).
  • Classification of lateral incisor patterns (normal, supernumerary, anterior/posterior cleft segment, agenesis).
  • Logistic regression to determine associations between CL subphenotypes and incisor patterns.

Main Results:

  • 103 patients had complete CLs, 48 had incomplete CLs.
  • Less severe incomplete CLs (submucous/vermillion notch) were associated with normal or supernumerary incisors.
  • More severe CLs (two-thirds to subtotal, complete) correlated with incisors located within the cleft segments or agenesis.

Conclusions:

  • The morphological severity of cleft lip in bilateral CL ± A and CLAP directly correlates with the severity of lateral incisor dentition abnormalities.
  • Detailed subclassification of incomplete cleft lip provides significant clinical relevance for understanding and managing associated dental anomalies.