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Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA for the Study of RNA-Protein Interactions: The IRE/IRP Example
Published on: December 3, 2014
Iron-induced NCOA4 condensation regulates ferritin fate and iron homeostasis
Sota Kuno1, Hiroaki Fujita1, Yu-Ki Tanaka2
1Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Abstract:
Iron is not only essential but also a toxic trace element. Under iron repletion, ferritin maintains cellular iron homeostasis by storing iron to avoid iron toxicity. Under iron depletion, the ferritin-specific autophagy adaptor NCOA4 delivers ferritin to lysosomes via macroautophagy to enable cells to use stored iron. Here, we show that NCOA4 also plays crucial roles in the regulation of ferritin fate under iron repletion. NCOA4 forms insoluble condensates via multivalent interactions generated by the binding of iron to its intrinsically disordered region. This sequesters NCOA4 away from ferritin and allows ferritin accumulation in the early phase of iron repletion. Under prolonged iron repletion, NCOA4 condensates can deliver ferritin to lysosomes via a TAX1BP1-dependent non-canonical autophagy pathway, thereby preventing relative iron deficiency due to excessive iron storage and reduced iron uptake. Together, these observations suggest that the NCOA4-ferritin axis modulates intracellular iron homeostasis in accordance with cellular iron availability.
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