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Caffeine and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Clinical benefits and the mechanisms involved

Yuan Yuan1,2,3, Yang Yang1,2,3, Xiaoping Lei1,2,3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|March 23, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Caffeine effectively treats apnea and prevents bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. This review explores caffeine

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pulmonology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic neonatal respiratory disease linked to prematurity, imposing significant economic burdens.
  • Caffeine is a recognized treatment for apnea of prematurity and shows promise in BPD prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical efficacy of caffeine in preventing BPD.
  • To elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying caffeine's protective effects against BPD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trials and animal model evidence.
  • Exploration of proposed molecular mechanisms of action.

Main Results:

  • Caffeine treatment offers clinical benefits including improved extubation success, reduced mechanical ventilation duration, enhanced lung function, and decreased need for patent ductus arteriosus treatment.
  • Evidence supports caffeine's role in BPD prevention from both human and animal studies.

Conclusions:

  • Caffeine demonstrates significant clinical value in BPD prevention and treatment.
  • Potential mechanisms include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic, antiapoptotic properties, angiogenesis regulation, and diuretic effects.
  • Further understanding of these mechanisms can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing BPD clinical management.

Keywords:
antiapoptoticantifibroticantiinflammatoryantioxidantbronchopulmonary dysplasiacaffeine

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