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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Assessing Cortical Cerebral Microinfarcts on High Resolution MR Images
08:39

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Published on: November 20, 2015

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[The cerebral microangiopathy].

A S Chukanova1, E I Chukanova1, D M Radionova1

  • 1Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|March 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Cerebral microangiopathy, or small vessel disease, is a major cause of brain circulation and cognitive issues, including dementia. This review examines its development, linking anatomical, imaging, and clinical features.

Keywords:
cerebral microangiopathycognitive impairmentdementianeuroimagingsmall vessel disease

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Neurology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Cerebral microangiopathy, also known as small vessel disease, is a significant factor in cerebrovascular disorders.
  • It is a leading cause of acute and chronic cerebral circulatory problems and cognitive impairment, potentially leading to severe dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the key aspects of cerebral microangiopathy development.
  • To analyze the interconnections between pathoanatomic, neuroimaging, and clinical manifestations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on cerebral microangiopathy.
  • Analysis of studies correlating pathological anatomy, neuroimaging findings, and clinical presentations.

Main Results:

  • Small vessel disease is a primary contributor to cerebrovascular diseases.
  • The study highlights the relationship between the structural changes, imaging characteristics, and clinical symptoms of cerebral microangiopathy.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the multifaceted nature of cerebral microangiopathy is crucial for managing associated neurological deficits.
  • Further research integrating pathoanatomic, neuroimaging, and clinical data can improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.