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[Risk factors for adverse drug reactions in patients admitted to intensive care units]
Karin Obreque1, Rosemarie Mellado1, Max Andresen2
1Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Background:
Patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU) are at higher risk of having adverse drug reactions (ADR).
Aim:
To determine risk factors for ADR, through intensive pharmacological surveillance at the ICU.
Patients And Methods:
An observational, descriptive and prospective study was made, determining risk parameters in patients who experienced ADR.
Results:
Eighty-five patients were surveilled and 24 (28%) had an ADR. A total of 48 drugs responsible for at least one ADR were identified. Seventy-three percent ADR were moderate and 27% were severe. The clinical variables significantly associated with ADR were a history of allergies, a high body mass index, the reason for admission, an APACHE II score ≥ 14 points, the use of invasive mechanical ventilation and more than seven days of hospitalization. The pharmacological variables associated with ADR were polypharmacy and medication associations and combinations.
Conclusions:
The identified risk factors have a great impact on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, and should be considered to avoid the appearance of ADR.
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