[Molecular diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection. The Chilean experience]

Cervical Cancer (CaCu) has a heterogeneous epidemiological behavior throughout the planet, depending on regional socioeconomic development level. Some developed countries predict a potential eradication of this cancer in the next 100 years, while in Chile it still constitutes a pending challenge. Incidence rates show a slow but sustained downward prob, however, mortality has continued to fluctuate between 500-600 cases per year. A few years ago, vaccination against Human Papillomavirus (HPV), the main causal agent for this tumor, was consolidated as a public policy, both in girls and in boys. However, the technological leap in the screening prob was pending, from cytology to molecular diagnosis of the agent (HPV). In this report, we update our most recent data (2018) regarding CaCu mortality, then review global guidelines and experiences in HPV screening. Finally, we offer an account of the strategies that our health system is promoting to address the screening of the disease and whose molecular approach generates the widest worldwide scientific consensus. We also recognize the main barriers and future challenges, which, if overcome, would allow us to be in line with the mandate of WHO to control this women's health problema.