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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

347
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
347
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

258
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
258
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

493
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
493
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

217
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
217
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

483
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
483
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

923
Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
923

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Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
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Tuberculosis - United States, 2021.

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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Tuberculosis (TB) incidence declined sharply in 2020, potentially due to COVID-19 impacts. However, TB cases rose in 2021, raising concerns about underdiagnosis and the need for continued prevention efforts.

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Infectious Disease Surveillance

    Background:

    • Tuberculosis (TB) incidence in the U.S. showed a steady decline from 1993-2019, with a notable slowdown in the rate of decrease in later years.
    • A substantial 19.9% decline in TB incidence was observed in 2020, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic.
    • Potential factors for the 2020 decline include delayed diagnoses, pandemic mitigation efforts, and changes in immigration and travel patterns.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the trends in tuberculosis incidence in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    • To assess the impact of the pandemic on TB case reporting and diagnosis.
    • To evaluate the implications for ongoing TB control and elimination strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of provisional data from CDC's National Tuberculosis Surveillance System (NTSS) for the years 2019, 2020, and 2021.
    • Calculation of national TB incidence rates per 100,000 persons for each year.
    • Comparison of TB incidence rates between U.S.-born and non-U.S.-born populations.

    Main Results:

    • In 2021, 7,860 TB cases were reported nationally.
    • The national TB incidence rate increased by 9.4% in 2021 (2.37 per 100,000) compared to 2020 (2.16 per 100,000), but remained 12.6% lower than in 2019 (2.71 per 100,000).
    • TB incidence rose in 2021 for both U.S.-born and non-U.S.-born individuals, suggesting a potential rebound or delayed diagnoses.

    Conclusions:

    • The rise in TB incidence in 2021 may partly reflect delayed diagnoses from 2020.
    • Continued substantial reduction from pre-pandemic levels raises concerns about ongoing underdiagnosis of TB.
    • Maintaining and promoting TB control, prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment are crucial for achieving TB elimination in the U.S.