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Bioinks Enriched with ECM Components Obtained by Supercritical Extraction.

Daniel P Reis1,2, Beatriz Domingues1,2, Cátia Fidalgo1,2

  • 13B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal.

Biomolecules
|March 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Supercritical carbon dioxide technology efficiently extracts extracellular matrix (ECM) for advanced bioinks. This method preserves more proteins and glycosaminoglycans than standard techniques, enabling better 3D bioprinted tissue constructs with high cell viability.

Keywords:
3D bioprintingbioinkscell sheetsextracellular matrixsupercritical CO2

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Extracellular matrix (ECM)-based bioinks are crucial for creating functional tissue constructs in bioprinting.
  • Developing effective methods for ECM extraction is essential for producing high-quality bioinks.
  • Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) offers a promising technology for ECM extraction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish an optimized scCO2-based protocol for extracting ECM components from cell sheets.
  • To compare the efficiency of scCO2 extraction with standard decellularization methods.
  • To evaluate the suitability of the extracted ECM for fabricating alginate-based bioinks and 3D printed constructs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a customized supercritical system to extract ECM from human dermal fibroblast (hDFb) and adipose stem cell (hASC) sheets.
  • Varied scCO2 parameters (pressure, co-solvent) and quantified DNA, protein, and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs).
  • Fabricated alginate/ECM bioinks, analyzed rheological properties, and assessed cell viability in 3D printed constructs.

Main Results:

  • The optimized scCO2 protocol effectively removed DNA while retaining significantly higher amounts of proteins and sGAGs compared to standard methods.
  • ECM composition varied between hDFb (fECM) and hASC (aECM) sources, influenced by extraction protocols.
  • Increased ECM content enhanced bioink viscosity, particularly with aECM, and 3D printing minimally affected cell viability.

Conclusions:

  • Supercritical fluid-based methods provide an efficient and advantageous approach for ECM extraction for bioink development.
  • ECM-derived bioinks show significant potential for creating advanced, biologically relevant 3D printed tissue-like constructs.
  • The choice of ECM source impacts bioink properties and the performance of 3D printed constructs.