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Basic principles and problems of haemocytometry.

A J Lombarts, A L Koevoet, B Leijnse

    Annals of Clinical Biochemistry
    |July 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study evaluates flow haemocytometry for blood cell counting, highlighting discrepancies with traditional methods. It suggests microhaematocrit as a calibration standard and discusses issues with cell sizing and distribution width definitions.

    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Clinical Laboratory Science

    Background:

    • Traditional methods for blood cell counting and hematocrit determination have limitations.
    • Flow haemocytometry offers advanced capabilities but requires careful calibration and understanding of its principles.
    • Discrepancies exist between centrifugal and flow haemocytometry, particularly with abnormal blood samples.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and discuss flow haemocytometry principles and applications in blood cell analysis.
    • To advocate for microhaematocrit as a routine calibration method for flow haemocytometry.
    • To address discrepancies in hematocrit and cell volume measurements and clarify definitions of red cell and platelet distribution widths.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of flow haemocytometry principles, including hydrodynamic properties, electrical, and optical detection methods.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of discrepancies between centrifugal and flow haemocytometry for hematocrit determination.
  • Discussion of factors affecting mean corpuscular volume (MCV) determination, such as refractive index and cell shape changes.
  • Examination of various definitions for red cell distribution width (RDW) and platelet distribution width (PDW).

    • Main Results:

    • Microhaematocrit is proposed as a viable routine calibration method for flow haemocytometry.
    • Significant discrepancies in hematocrit and MCV values were observed between centrifugal and flow haemocytometry, especially with abnormal blood samples.
    • The study highlights that MCV and hematocrit values can be exaggerated at extremes, leading to erroneous constant MCHC.
    • Current RDW and PDW definitions contribute to considerable confusion in data interpretation.

    Conclusions:

    • Flow haemocytometry requires careful calibration and consideration of hydrodynamic and optical/electrical properties for accurate blood cell analysis.
    • Standardization of calibration methods, such as using microhaematocrit, is crucial for reliable flow haemocytometry results.
    • Clarification of RDW and PDW definitions is necessary to reduce confusion and improve the interpretation of blood cell distribution data.