Development of 2.45 GHz Semiconductor Microwave System for Combustion Ignition Enhancement and Failure Analysis

We developed a semiconductor microwave system to improve the ignition process in a combustion system. Under atmospheric pressure conditions, large plasma was successfully ignited by a 2.45 GHz microwave, and it is characterized in comparison with standard spark plug ignition and laser ignition. The size of the microwave power source was also effectively reduced with the minimal size (100 × 60 mm²) that could fit in the palm of a hand. We then prototyped a microwave plug with a diameter of 4 mm, which is smaller than the standard spark plugs for passenger cars. The design and electric field strength are discussed in detail. Combustion experiments were conducted using a motorcycle engine and an actual light vehicle, and significant fuel efficiency improvement was experimentally obtained. We investigated the wear of the plug caused by continuous operation, and efficiently improved the endurance by swinging the resonance frequency between 2.4 and 2.5 GHz. In a passenger car engine experiment using a flat panel igniter, significant fuel efficiency improvement was confirmed. Further failure analysis revealed that the ceramic was severely damaged by a large current surge.