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The Maternal-Fetal Gut Microbiota Axis: Physiological Changes, Dietary Influence, and Modulation Possibilities

Eva Miko1,2,3, Andras Csaszar2,4, Jozsef Bodis2,4

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 25, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Maternal gut microbiota influences infant development. This review explores its transmission and the impact of maternal diet on offspring

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Early life development, including immune and central nervous system maturation, significantly impacts lifelong health.
  • The establishment of the intestinal microbiota during prenatal and early postnatal periods is crucial for well-being.
  • The maternal gut microbiota plays a key role in shaping the offspring's microbial community and subsequent health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics of maternal gut microbiota.
  • To summarize the transmission routes of maternal microbiota to the offspring.
  • To examine the influence of maternal diet and nutritional factors on the maternal-fetal microbiota axis and offspring health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current research on maternal gut microbiota.
  • Analysis of studies investigating microbiota transmission from mother to child.
  • Evaluation of research on dietary interventions during pregnancy and their effects on offspring microbiota.

Main Results:

  • Maternal gut microbiota composition can be transmitted to the fetus and neonate.
  • Dietary factors during pregnancy significantly modulate the maternal microbiota and the maternal-fetal microbiota axis.
  • Alterations in the early-life microbiota are linked to various health issues in offspring.

Conclusions:

  • The maternal gut microbiota is a critical factor in early development and long-term health.
  • Maternal diet is a key modifiable factor influencing the offspring's microbiota and health trajectory.
  • Further research into the maternal-fetal microbiota axis is essential for developing targeted nutritional strategies.

Keywords:
fetal developmentgut microbiotamaternal nutritionpregnancyprobiotics

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