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Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

Published on: July 21, 2018

Far-field optical imaging of surface plasmons with a subdiffraction limited separation.

Yifeng Xiang¹, Junxue Chen², Xi Tang³

¹Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)

|March 25, 2022

Summary

Ultrathin silver nanowires on photonic band gap structures excite surface plasmons, creating two bright lines visible under optical microscopy. This configuration acts as a sensitive platform for detecting environmental changes.

Keywords:

diffraction limit leakage radiation microscopy photonic band gap silver nanowire surface plasmon

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Last Updated: Sep 29, 2025

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Area of Science:

Plasmonics
Nanophotonics
Optical Microscopy

Background:

Surface plasmons (SPs) are collective oscillations of electrons at a metal-dielectric interface.
Photonic band gap (PBG) structures control light propagation.
Ultrathin silver nanowires (AgNWs) offer unique optical properties due to their small dimensions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the excitation and propagation of surface plasmons on ultrathin silver nanowires.
To analyze the far-field optical signatures resulting from plasmon excitation.
To explore the potential of this configuration as a sensing platform.

Main Methods:

Placing ultrathin silver nanowires (diameter < 100 nm) on a photonic band gap structure.
Exciting surface plasmons via optical interaction.
Observing the resulting optical patterns using a standard wide-field optical microscope.
Performing simulations to understand the underlying physics of plasmon propagation and far-field emission.

Main Results:

Surface plasmons were successfully excited and propagated along the side-walls of the ultrathin silver nanowires.
Two distinct bright lines were observed in the far-field image plane, despite the nanowire diameter being below the diffraction limit.
Simulations confirmed that the unique phase distribution of plasmons on the nanowire side-walls is responsible for the observed far-field pattern.

Conclusions:

The excitation of surface plasmons on ultrathin silver nanowires on PBG structures leads to observable far-field optical phenomena.
The observed bright lines are a direct consequence of the plasmonic behavior and unique phase distribution.
The sensitivity of surface plasmons to their environment makes this AgNW-PBG configuration a promising platform for near-field sensing applications.