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Growth variations with opposite clinical outcomes and the emerging role of IGF-1

Anastasios Papadimitriou1, Chrisanthi Marakaki1, Dimitrios T Papadimitriou2

  • 1Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Haidari, Athens, Greece.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|March 25, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Constitutional advancement and delay of growth and puberty (CAGP and CDGP) are linked to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels. Early growth hormone (GH)/IGF-1 axis activation drives CAGP and is crucial for initiating puberty.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric endocrinology
  • Growth and development studies
  • Hormonal regulation of puberty

Background:

  • Normal growth variations include constitutional advancement of growth and puberty (CAGP) and constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP).
  • These patterns are mirror images, associated with early puberty (EP) and delayed puberty (DP), respectively.
  • Differences extend beyond auxological metrics to include distinct insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the growth hormone (GH)/IGF-1 axis in CAGP and CDGP.
  • To elucidate the function of IGF-1 in the onset of puberty.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of auxological characteristics (height, weight) in CAGP and CDGP cohorts.
  • Measurement and comparison of IGF-1 levels between CAGP and CDGP groups.
  • Exploration of the relationship between GH/IGF-1 axis activation and puberty timing.

Main Results:

  • IGF-1 levels are elevated in CAGP and reduced in CDGP.
  • Data suggest early activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis induces the CAGP growth pattern.
  • IGF-1 appears to be a critical factor in releasing the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) inhibition brake.

Conclusions:

  • The GH/IGF-1 axis plays a significant role in mediating normal growth pattern variations.
  • IGF-1 is crucial for the initiation of puberty by influencing GnRH release.
  • Understanding these hormonal dynamics is key to comprehending variations in growth and pubertal timing.

Keywords:
constitutional advancement of growth and puberty (CAGP)constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP)insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)onset of puberty

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