Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer
Published on: November 2, 2013
[Urinary biomarkers in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.]
Cristina Ballesteros Ruiz1, Mario Álvarez-Maestro1, Alfredo Aguilera Bazán1
1Servicio de Urología. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid. España.
Introduction:
The use of prostatespecific antigen (PSA) is useful for the diagnosis ofprostate cancer. Its main limitation is its low specificity,which has led to the search for new biomarkersin order to identify clinically significant prostatecancer and to reduce overdiagnosis and overtreatment.The aim of this article is to summarize the currentliterature on urinary biomarkers used in thediagnosis of prostate cancer.A PubMed-based literature search was conductedup to December 2020. We selected the most recentand relevant original articles, clinical trials and reviewsthat have provided relevant information onthe use of biomarkers.In this review, we have discussed four importanturinary biomarkers useful for prostate cancer diagnosis:PCA3, Select MDX, ExoDX, TMPRSS2:ERG.
Conclusion:
The use of urinary biomarkers hasimproved of clinically significant prostate cancerdiagnosis. Their use reduces the number of unnecessarybiopsies and avoids overtreatment of indolentprostate cancer.
Related Concept Videos
Urine Studies I: Urinalysis
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History
Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...

