Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test II01:17

Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test II

338
The Wald-Wolfowitz runs test, commonly referred to as the runs test, is a nonparametric test used to assess the randomness of ordered data. The test evaluates the number of runs, which are consecutive sequences of similar elements within the data. If the number of runs is significantly higher or lower than expected, the data is considered non-random, indicating a detectable pattern or structure.
For binary data, runs are identified using symbols such as + and −, or equivalently, 1s and...
338
Random Sampling Method01:09

Random Sampling Method

12.7K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest. Among the various sampling methods used by...
12.7K
Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test I01:17

Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test I

752
The Wald-Wolfowitz test, also known as the runs test, is a nonparametric statistical test used to assess the randomness of a sequence of two different types of elements (e.g., positive/negative values, successes/failures). It examines whether the order of the elements in a sequence is random or if there is a pattern or trend present. This nonparametric test applies to any ordered data despite the population and sample data distribution, even if a higher sample size is available.
The test works...
752
Random Variables01:09

Random Variables

14.0K
A random variable is a single numerical value that indicates the outcome of a procedure. The concept of random variables is fundamental to the probability theory and was introduced by a Russian mathematician, Pafnuty Chebyshev, in the mid-nineteenth century.
Uppercase letters such as X or Y denote a random variable. Lowercase letters like x or y denote the value of a random variable. If X is a random variable, then X is written in words, and x is given as a number.
For example, let X = the...
14.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Functional outcomes of proximal tibia fractures in adults using KOOS.

Bioinformation·2026
Same author

Scaling two-dimensional semiconductor nanoribbons for high-performance electronics.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Fermi-level depinning achieved by high-work-function Au<sub>1-x</sub>Se<sub>x</sub> alloy contacts for high-performance p-type WSe<sub>2</sub> transistors.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Breath ammonia test for chronic kidney disease screening: impact of fasting on diagnostic accuracy.

Clinical kidney journal·2026
Same author

Growth of Low-Defect WSe<sub>2</sub> Film via High-Purity van der Waals Crystal Precursor.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

High Perpendicular Anisotropy in Mo-Inserted Mg Composite Free Layer for Nonvolatile Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory in 4K-400K Universal Temperature Applications.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Formation of Bimetallic Nanoparticles via Exsolution Using a Reducible Metal Oxide Capping Layer.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

Cold-Driven Thermoelectric Patch for Postoperative Tumor Control.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

Chemically Fueled Interfacial Supramolecular Polymerization.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

Tactile Neuromorphic Ion-Gated Vertical Transistor Displays Enabling Dual-Output Reservoir Computing.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

In Situ Oxygen Shuttling within a Bilayer Electrified Membrane Enables Aeration-Free Electro-Fenton Water Purification.

ACS nano·2026
Same journal

Single Atoms as Growth Directors: From Graphene Edges to Atomically Precise Interfaces in 2D Materials.

ACS nano·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
09:41

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Published on: May 29, 2018

9.6K

Bi2O2Se-Based True Random Number Generator for Security Applications.

Bo Liu1, Ying-Feng Chang2, Juzhe Li1

  • 1Faculty of Information Technology, College of Microelectronics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China.

ACS Nano
|March 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel Bi2O2Se-based memristive true random number generator (TRNG) for enhanced Internet of Things (IoT) security. This device offers intrinsic stochasticity for secure data encryption and trusted communication.

Keywords:
Bi2O2SeDiffie−Hellman key exchangeShapley valuelong short-term memorymemristorrandom telegraph noisetrue random number generator

More Related Videos

Reverse Microemulsion-mediated Synthesis of Monometallic and Bimetallic Early Transition Metal Carbide and Nitride Nanoparticles
07:47

Reverse Microemulsion-mediated Synthesis of Monometallic and Bimetallic Early Transition Metal Carbide and Nitride Nanoparticles

Published on: November 27, 2015

11.0K
Fabrication of Schottky Diodes on Zn-polar BeMgZnO/ZnO Heterostructure Grown by Plasma-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy
14:16

Fabrication of Schottky Diodes on Zn-polar BeMgZnO/ZnO Heterostructure Grown by Plasma-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Published on: October 23, 2018

7.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
09:41

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Published on: May 29, 2018

9.6K
Reverse Microemulsion-mediated Synthesis of Monometallic and Bimetallic Early Transition Metal Carbide and Nitride Nanoparticles
07:47

Reverse Microemulsion-mediated Synthesis of Monometallic and Bimetallic Early Transition Metal Carbide and Nitride Nanoparticles

Published on: November 27, 2015

11.0K
Fabrication of Schottky Diodes on Zn-polar BeMgZnO/ZnO Heterostructure Grown by Plasma-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy
14:16

Fabrication of Schottky Diodes on Zn-polar BeMgZnO/ZnO Heterostructure Grown by Plasma-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Published on: October 23, 2018

7.8K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Cybersecurity
  • Semiconductor Devices

Background:

  • The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices generates vast amounts of data, creating significant security vulnerabilities.
  • Current encryption methods often rely on software-based pseudorandom number generators susceptible to attacks.
  • True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) utilizing physical phenomena offer a more robust alternative for secure data handling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel Bi2O2Se-based memristive device as a True Random Number Generator (TRNG) for advanced security applications.
  • To investigate the intrinsic stochasticity and complexity of Bi2O2Se memristors for reliable random number generation.
  • To evaluate the resilience of the generated random numbers against machine learning-based prediction.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of a Bi2O2Se-based memristive device.
  • Utilizing the device's vertical surface resistive switching for analogue/digital random number generation.
  • Assessing the randomness quality and unpredictability of the generated numbers.

Main Results:

  • The Bi2O2Se memristor exhibits intrinsic stochasticity and complexity due to its unique material properties and interface.
  • The device successfully generates both analogue and digital random numbers.
  • The random number generation process demonstrated resilience against machine learning prediction, indicating high security potential.

Conclusions:

  • Bi2O2Se-based memristive devices represent a promising platform for developing highly secure TRNGs.
  • The unique properties of Bi2O2Se contribute to intrinsic randomness, enhancing security for IoT and communication systems.
  • This approach offers a hardware-based solution to overcome the limitations of software-based security protocols.