Implementing CRISPR-Cas9 Yeast Practicals into Biology Curricula

CRISPR-Cas9 is a genome-editing technique that has been widely adopted thanks to its simplicity, efficiency, and broad application potential. Due to its advantages and pervasive use, there have been attempts to include this method in the existing curricula for students majoring in various disciplines of biology. In this perspective, we summarize the existing CRISPR-Cas courses that harness a well-established model organism: baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As an example, we present a detailed description of a fully hands-on, flexible, robust, and cost-efficient practical CRISPR-Cas9 course, where students participate in yeast genome editing at every stage-from the bioinformatic design of single-guide RNA, through molecular cloning and yeast transformation, to the final confirmation of the introduced mutation. Finally, we emphasize that in addition to providing experimental skills and theoretical knowledge, the practical courses on CRISPR-Cas represent ideal platforms for discussing the ethical implications of the democratization of biology.