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Spectrum of COVID-19 Disease in Children: A Retrospective Analysis Comparing Wave 1 and Wave 2 from a Tertiary

Murugan T P1, Urmi Ghosh1, Roshni Julia Rajan1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|March 25, 2022
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 in children showed similar severity across two waves, but the second wave saw a significant increase in mortality. Symptoms like fever and cough were more common in the second wave.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic impacted children globally, with varying clinical presentations and outcomes observed across different waves.
  • Understanding pediatric COVID-19 characteristics is crucial for effective public health management and clinical care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 in children during the first and second waves of the pandemic.
  • To identify differences in symptoms, disease severity, and mortality rates between the two waves.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of electronic medical records for children under 16 with confirmed COVID-19 infection.
  • Data collection included demographics, clinical signs, laboratory results, and treatment requirements.
  • Analysis compared outcomes between the first wave (June 2020-Feb 2021) and the second wave (March 2021-May 2021).

Main Results:

  • A total of 988 children were diagnosed with COVID-19.
  • The second wave (403 children) showed significantly higher rates of fever, cough, coryza, and elevated heart rate and temperature compared to the first wave (585 children).
  • While disease severity and need for intensive care were similar, mortality was significantly higher in the second wave (2%) versus the first wave (0.3%).

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric COVID-19 exhibited similar disease severity during the first and second waves.
  • A notable increase in mortality was observed during the second wave among children.
  • Differences in symptom prevalence were noted between the two pandemic waves.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVIDMIS-CRT-PCRRemdesivirSARS-CoV-2

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