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Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients

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Targeting Protein Kinases and Epigenetic Control as Combinatorial Therapy Options for Advanced Prostate Cancer

Soghra Bagheri¹, Mahdie Rahban², Fatemeh Bostanian²

¹Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran.

|March 26, 2022

Abstract:

Prostate cancer (PC), the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, is known as metastatic bone cancer when it spreads to the bone. Although there is still no effective treatment for advanced/metastatic PC, awareness of the molecular events that contribute to PC progression has opened up opportunities and raised hopes for the development of new treatment strategies. Androgen deprivation and androgen-receptor-targeting therapies are two gold standard treatments for metastatic PC. However, acquired resistance to these treatments is a crucial challenge. Due to the role of protein kinases (PKs) in the growth, proliferation, and metastases of prostatic tumors, combinatorial therapy by PK inhibitors may help pave the way for metastatic PC treatment. Additionally, PC is known to have epigenetic involvement. Thus, understanding epigenetic pathways can help adopt another combinatorial treatment strategy. In this study, we reviewed the PKs that promote PC to advanced stages. We also summarized some PK inhibitors that may be used to treat advanced PC and we discussed the importance of epigenetic control in this cancer. We hope the information presented in this article will contribute to finding an effective treatment for the management of advanced PC.

Insights

This review explores protein kinases (PKs) driving advanced prostate cancer (PC) and discusses PK inhibitors and epigenetic strategies. Understanding these factors offers hope for novel combinatorial treatments for metastatic PC.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Cancer Research

Background:

Prostate cancer (PC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, often metastasizing to bone.
Current treatments like androgen deprivation face acquired resistance, necessitating new therapeutic strategies.
Understanding molecular drivers is key to developing effective treatments for advanced/metastatic PC.

Purpose of the Study:

To review protein kinases (PKs) involved in prostate cancer progression.
To summarize potential PK inhibitors for advanced PC treatment.
To discuss the role of epigenetics in prostate cancer management.

Main Methods:

Literature review of protein kinases in prostate cancer.
Summary of existing and potential PK inhibitors.
Discussion of epigenetic mechanisms in PC.

Main Results:

Identified key PKs promoting PC to advanced stages.
Highlighted PK inhibitors as potential combinatorial therapies.
Emphasized the significance of epigenetic control in PC.

Conclusions:

Combinatorial therapy targeting PKs and epigenetic pathways shows promise for advanced PC.
Further research into molecular mechanisms can lead to improved treatment strategies.
Effective management of metastatic PC requires a multi-faceted therapeutic approach.

Read full analysis

Keywords:

epigenetics serine threonine kinase signaling pathways tyrosine kinase

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