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How Realistic Is Threat Image Projection for X-ray Baggage Screening?

Robin Riz À Porta1, Yanik Sterchi1, Adrian Schwaninger1

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Threat-image projection (TIP) systems improve airport baggage screening but can have unrealistic images. While most TIP images were realistic, reducing artifacts can enhance screener threat detection performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Airport security technology
  • Human-computer interaction
  • Image analysis

Background:

  • Airport security officers (screeners) inspect X-ray baggage images to prevent threats.
  • Threat-image projection (TIP) systems project threat images onto baggage scans to aid detection.
  • TIP is mandated in many countries and used for performance evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the realism of TIP images used in airport security.
  • To identify artifacts and unrealistic scenarios in TIP images.
  • To evaluate the impact of image characteristics on TIP efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Screeners rated a sample of TIP images for artifacts and realism.
  • Analysis of image characteristics influencing artifact occurrence.
  • Evaluation of TIP image realism and potential for improvement.

Main Results:

  • 24% of TIP images displayed artifacts; 26% depicted unrealistic scenarios.
  • 34% of TIP images showed at least one issue (artifacts or unrealistic scenarios).
  • Two-thirds of TIP images were perceived as realistic by screeners.

Conclusions:

  • TIP systems remain effective for airport security screening.
  • Reducing artifacts and unrealistic scenarios in TIP images is crucial.
  • Recommendations are provided to improve TIP efficacy based on image characteristics.