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Related Concept Videos

Distributed Loads: Problem Solving01:21

Distributed Loads: Problem Solving

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Beams are structural elements commonly employed in engineering applications requiring different load-carrying capacities. The first step in analyzing a beam under a distributed load is to simplify the problem by dividing the load into smaller regions, which allows one to consider each region separately and calculate the magnitude of the equivalent resultant load acting on each portion of the beam. The magnitude of the equivalent resultant load for each region can be determined by calculating...
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Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings01:17

Beams with Unsymmetric Loadings

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Analyzing a supported beam under unsymmetrical loadings is essential in structural engineering to understand how beams respond to varied force distributions. This analysis involves calculating the deflection and identifying points where the slope of the beam is zero, which are crucial for ensuring structural stability and functionality.
The first moment-area theorem determines the slope at any point on the beam. This theorem indicates that the change in slope between two points on a beam...
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Beams with Symmetric Loadings01:15

Beams with Symmetric Loadings

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The moment-area method is an analytical tool used in structural engineering to determine the slope and deflection of beams under various loads. Consider a cantilever with a concentrated load and moment at the free end. The first step is constructing a free-body diagram to calculate the reactions at the fixed end. Next, the bending moment diagram is plotted to visualize how the bending moment varies along the beam's length, focusing on points where the bending moment equals zero.
The M/EI...
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Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines01:24

Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines

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A Y-connected synchronous generator, grounded through a neutral impedance, is designed to produce balanced internal phase voltages with only positive-sequence components. The generator's sequence networks include a source voltage that is exclusively in the positive-sequence network. The sequence components of line-to-ground voltages at the generator terminals illustrate this configuration.
Zero-sequence current induces a voltage drop across the generator's neutral impedance and other...
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Shearing Stresses in a Beam: Problem Solving01:14

Shearing Stresses in a Beam: Problem Solving

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A cantilever beam with a rectangular cross-section under distributed and point loads experiences shearing stresses. The analysis begins by identifying the loads acting on the beam. Then, the reactions at the beam's fixed end are calculated using equilibrium equations. The vertical reaction is a combination of the distributed and point loads, while the moment reaction is the sum of their moments. The shear force distribution along the beam, resulting from these loads, is established by...
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Maximum Power Transfer01:16

Maximum Power Transfer

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Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
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Joint Beamforming, Power Allocation, and Splitting Control for SWIPT-Enabled IoT Networks with Deep Reinforcement

JainShing Liu1, Chun-Hung Richard Lin2, Yu-Chen Hu3

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a two-layer algorithm for optimizing wireless networks with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). The novel approach significantly enhances data rates and energy harvesting compared to single-layer methods.

Keywords:
IoTbeamformingdeep reinforcement learningenergy harvestinggame theoryjoint optimizationmulti-resource allocationpower control

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Area of Science:

  • Wireless communication networks
  • Energy harvesting technologies
  • Optimization algorithms

Background:

  • Future wireless networks require efficient data transfer and power management for the Internet of Things (IoT).
  • Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) presents challenges in optimizing beamforming, power control, and energy harvesting.
  • Joint optimization is crucial for enhancing communication performance between base stations (BSs) and mobile nodes (MNs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an effective optimization strategy for SWIPT in wireless networks.
  • To address the complexity of jointly optimizing beamforming, power control, and energy harvesting.
  • To improve data rate, energy harvesting efficiency, and reduce power consumption.

Main Methods:

  • Formulated the joint optimization as a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) and multiple resource allocation (MRA) problem.
  • Employed deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms, including deep Q-learning (DQN) and deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG), for single-layer optimization.
  • Proposed a two-layer iterative approach integrating data-driven DQN and noncooperative game theory to solve the NP-hard MRA problem.
  • Introduced a pricing strategy based on social utility maximization for power cost determination.

Main Results:

  • The proposed two-layer MRA algorithm achieved up to 2.3 times higher utility compared to single-layer DRL-based algorithms.
  • Demonstrated significant improvements in data rate, energy harvesting, and power consumption.
  • Validated the effectiveness of the approach through simulations in realistic wireless network environments.

Conclusions:

  • The two-layer iterative approach effectively resolves the complex MRA problem in SWIPT networks.
  • The integration of DRL and game theory provides a superior solution for optimizing wireless network performance.
  • The pricing strategy aids in controlling transmit power while maximizing social utility.