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How fairness and dominance guide young children's bargaining decisions.

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Five-year-olds mostly chose fair divisions in bargaining games. However, dominant children gained more, and fairness enforcement was limited, showing fairness and dominance shape young children's conflict resolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Reaching agreements in conflicts is a crucial developmental milestone.
  • Understanding how young children navigate bargaining situations provides insight into early social cognition and negotiation skills.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how fairness and dominance influence bargaining outcomes in young children.
  • To analyze communication strategies used by children during bargaining.

Main Methods:

  • 284 German 5-year-olds participated in repeated face-to-face bargaining tasks involving fair and unfair reward divisions.
  • Data collection occurred between June 2016 and November 2017.
  • Communication patterns and bargaining outcomes were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Children predominantly selected fair reward divisions.
  • Dominant children tended to achieve more favorable outcomes in some studies.
  • Children often failed to leverage fairness principles to enforce equitable outcomes.
  • Giving orders conferred a bargaining advantage, and fairness-related communication was present.

Conclusions:

  • Fairness considerations and individual dominance are significant factors in children's bargaining decisions.
  • While fairness is a concern, its enforcement is inconsistent, and social dynamics like dominance play a key role.