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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
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Dynamic diffusion and precipitation processes across calcium silicate membranes.

Julian Rieder1, Luc Nicoleau2, Fabian Glaab1

  • 1Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|March 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Calcium silicate chemical gardens form homogeneous, impermeable membranes, preserving concentration gradients. This research aids understanding ion diffusion in concrete, crucial for durability and mitigating alkali-silica reaction (ASR).

Keywords:
Alkali-silica reactionCalcium silicateCementChemical gardensMembranesSelf-assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Civil Engineering

Background:

  • Chemical gardens are inorganic tubular structures with complex morphologies and dynamic properties.
  • Their formation involves coupled diffusion and precipitation, maintaining non-equilibrium states.
  • Calcium-based silica gardens are hypothesized to mimic microstructures in ordinary Portland cement and silicate gel layers in concrete.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation and properties of calcium-based silica garden membranes.
  • To understand the ion transport and precipitation mechanisms within these systems.
  • To relate the findings to ion diffusion in Portland cements and concrete, particularly concerning alkali-silica reaction (ASR).

Main Methods:

  • Macroscopic silica garden tubes were synthesized using calcium chloride and sodium silicate.
  • Mineralized tube composition was analyzed using ex-situ techniques.
  • Time-dependent monitoring of internal and external solutions revealed spatiotemporal ion distribution.

Main Results:

  • The calcium silicate membrane formed was homogeneous and became impermeable to most ions, allowing only water, hydroxide, and sodium ions to pass.
  • Significant concentration gradients were permanently maintained across the membrane.
  • This contrasts with iron- and cobalt-based silica gardens, which exhibit different membrane properties.

Conclusions:

  • Calcium silicate membranes in chemical gardens exhibit unique impermeability, preserving concentration gradients.
  • These findings offer insights into ion diffusion mechanisms in concrete, relevant to cement hydration and alkali-silica reaction (ASR).
  • Understanding these processes is vital for improving concrete durability and material resource utilization.