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Published on: April 4, 2025
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RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF UROLITHIASIS-RELATED MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN ASIAN COLOBINE MONKEYS
Kendra C Baker1, Timothy A Georoff2, Donna M Ialeggio2
1National Aquarium, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA, kendracbaker@gmail.com.
Summary
Urolithiasis, or urinary stones, significantly impacts Asian colobine monkeys, particularly males, causing high morbidity and mortality. Calcium carbonate stones are most common, necessitating further research into prevention and treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Primate Health
- Zoological Medicine
Background:
- Urolithiasis is a recognized condition in various animal species, but data on its prevalence and characteristics in Asian colobine monkeys are limited.
- Asian colobine species housed in zoological institutions may be at risk for urolithiasis, impacting their health and welfare.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the occurrence, clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, and outcomes of urolithiasis in five Asian colobine monkey species.
- To identify the types of uroliths and crystalluria present in affected individuals.
- To assess the impact of urolithiasis on morbidity and mortality in these species.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective case evaluation of 21 Asian colobine monkeys from eight accredited zoological institutions.
- Analysis of clinical records, including presenting signs, clinicopathologic data, urinalysis, and urolith composition.
- Review of treatment strategies and outcomes, including surgical and medical management, and survival rates.
Main Results:
- Urolithiasis was diagnosed in 21 individuals across five species, with males disproportionately affected (86% of cases, 100% of obstructive cases).
- Common clinical signs included stranguria, lethargy, and anorexia; clinicopathologic findings revealed azotemia and anemia.
- Calcium carbonate was the predominant urolith type (94.9%), with no consistent correlation between crystalluria and stone composition. Obstructive urolithiasis resulted in death or euthanasia in 52.4% of cases.
Conclusions:
- Urinary obstruction due to urolithiasis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in captive Asian colobine monkeys.
- The high prevalence of calcium carbonate uroliths suggests potential dietary or metabolic factors contributing to stone formation.
- Further research into the etiology and preventive strategies for urolithiasis in these species is warranted.
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