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Related Concept Videos

Administering Oxygen by Mask01:30

Administering Oxygen by Mask

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Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
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Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

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Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
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Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask01:26

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask

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The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...
697
Personal Protective Equipment01:20

Personal Protective Equipment

1.9K
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates a barrier between the employee and the infectious materials. PPE must be readily available in the patient care area. PPE includes gloves, gowns and aprons, masks and respirators, goggles, face shields, shoes, and headcovers:
1.9K
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning01:22

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning

1.3K
Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each donning are critical, and the steps must be systematic to avoid exposure to pathogens. The institutional policy also needs to be followed while donning PPE. The pre-donning preparations are gathering equipment, inspecting the PPE equipment for tears, holes, or damage, removing jewelry, removing any garments below the elbows, and tying the hair...
1.3K
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing01:10

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing

1.2K
The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.
1.2K

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Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
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Design considerations for protective mask development: A remote mask usability evaluation.

Alison Cloet1, Linsey Griffin1, Minji Yu1

  • 1College of Design, University of Minnesota, 1985 Buford Ave, 240 McNeal Hall, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.

Applied Ergonomics
|March 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Improving N95 respirator design is crucial for healthcare workers. This study developed a model considering fit, comfort, material, and design to enhance usability and user experience for protective masks.

Keywords:
COVID-19Healthcare workersHolistic mask design approachMask design improvementN95 filtering facepiece respiratorsRemote usability

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Human Factors Engineering

Background:

  • N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) present ongoing usability challenges for healthcare professionals, amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Existing mask designs often lead to discomfort, skin irritation, and poor fit, impacting worker safety and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a holistic model for improving the design of N95 FFRs.
  • To identify key factors influencing mask usability and user experience.
  • To guide future development of more effective and comfortable protective masks.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized wear trial involving 38 dental students with prior N95 FFR experience.
  • Utilized a mixed-methods survey to assess usability of individual mask components and overall design.
  • Analyzed the relationship between facial/head anthropometry and mask features.

Main Results:

  • MNmask v1 showed higher seal confidence (M=3.46), while MNmask v2 demonstrated better satisfactory fit (M=3.50).
  • Nose wires and head/neck bands were identified as the most problematic design components.
  • Skin irritation and ill-fitting masks (too tight or too loose) significantly detracted from the wear experience.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive model integrating fit, comfort, material, and design is proposed to enhance N95 FFR usability.
  • Addressing specific design elements like nose wires and headbands is critical for improving user acceptance.
  • User-centered design principles are essential for developing next-generation protective masks that meet healthcare workers' needs.