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Options in the Treatment of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: Implications for Low Resource Areas

Pauline Samia1,2,3, Katherine Oyieke1, Dorcas Tunje1

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Medical College, Aga Khan University, 3rd Parklands Avenue, P.O BOX 30270 00100, East Tower block, fourth floor Nairobi, Kenya.

Current Treatment Options in Neurology
|March 28, 2022
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a fatal measles virus complication. Declining measles vaccination rates increase SSPE risk, necessitating global prevention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, progressive, and fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by the measles virus.
  • Global SSPE incidence fluctuates with measles vaccine uptake, highlighting a persistent risk.
  • Recent increases in measles cases and reduced vaccination rates, particularly post-COVID-19, are predicted to accelerate SSPE risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current global status of SSPE.
  • To explore existing and emerging treatment strategies for SSPE.
  • To identify effective preventive measures against measles and subsequent SSPE.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of global SSPE epidemiology.
  • Analysis of current treatment modalities including immunomodulatory, antiviral, and anti-seizure therapies.
  • Examination of factors influencing measles vaccine coverage and SSPE prevention strategies.

Main Results:

  • Measles outbreaks and decreased vaccination rates are linked to increased SSPE incidence.
  • Current therapeutic approaches for SSPE have limitations.
  • Poor vaccine coverage in low- and middle-income countries exacerbates the risk.

Conclusions:

  • Preventing measles virus infection is the most effective strategy for SSPE management.
  • Addressing barriers to vaccination in resource-limited settings is crucial.
  • Global efforts to improve measles vaccination are essential to prevent SSPE and its devastating consequences.
Keywords:
Antiviral agentMeasles complicationSSPESubacute sclerosing panencephalitisTreatment

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