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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
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Acute interstitial nephritis observed with three different triggering agents.

Niloofar Nobakht1, Ramy M Hanna2, Mohammad Kamgar1

  • 1Department of Medicine Division of Nephrology David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM) Los Angeles California USA.

Clinical Case Reports
|March 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A 70-year-old patient developed acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) after NSAIDs, PPIs, and Bromhexine. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with oral prednisone are crucial for managing drug-induced kidney injury.

Keywords:
AINAKIATNNSAIDSPPIbromhexine

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant clinical concern.
  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and Bromhexine are common medications with potential nephrotoxic effects.

Observation:

  • A 70-year-old female patient presented with AKI following a regimen including NSAIDs, PPIs, and Bromhexine.
  • Renal biopsy was performed to investigate the cause of AKI.

Findings:

  • The renal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis (AIN).
  • The patient's AIN was attributed to the combined use of NSAIDs, PPIs, and Bromhexine.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering polypharmacy in drug-induced AIN.
  • Timely diagnosis and appropriate management, including corticosteroid therapy (oral prednisone), are essential for renal recovery.
  • Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for AIN when patients present with AKI after initiating new medications.